Over the last decades, tourism has been proposed as a key factor to pass some of the challenges like e. g., fighting poverty, and as a tool to reach sustainability. Meanwhile, many countries seek to make a contribution in tourism revenues by representing their cities in a very competitive market. Therefore, the livability enhancement of cities, especially their main Streets as the space for the occurrence of tourism activities, interactions, and communicative actions to one of the vital aspects of the cities sustainability has received lots of attention. Accordingly, the current research aims to measure the effects of Valiasr Street livability on tourism sustainability using quantitative method and structural equation modeling. The statistical population consists of experts in the area of tourism and urban planning, and the statistical sample was selected using snowball sampling method. The obtained results show with 95% of confidence interval that the livability of Valiasr Street has a significant positive effect on the sustainable urban tourism development. Additionally, based on beta coefficients, it was found that the environmental and physical components have the greatest influence on the sustainable urban tourism development. Such findings provide politicians and planners of the urban tourism area with new attitudes, indicating that the livability enhancement of the city's Streets is the integral part of success in the sustainable tourism arena.

People experience spaces not only by seeing them but also by listening. Soundscape is mainly related to forming a mental image of the living environment, including culture and personal past experience. The components of the sonic environment need to be identified and meanings should be attributed to them. The idea of soundscape refers to both the natural acoustic environment, consisting of natural sounds, including animal vocalizations and, for instance, the sounds of weather and other natural elements; and environmental sounds created by humans, through musical composition, sound design, and other ordinary human activities including conversation, work; and sounds of mechanical origin resulting from use of industrial technology. The disruption of these acoustic environments results in noise pollution. Every urban area has its own soundscape. It can be stated that soundscape is a significant contribution in the environmental quality. Each city may have a rather unique acoustic profile, the composition of specific natural sounds, signals and noise. The effects of noise pollution can cause a hearing problems, heart problems and social problems. The experiences of programming in many cities is eloquent of its inefficiencies in reducing the noise and relevant issues to soundscape of environment generally after project ending or in the best form in the last step of programming is taken to the attention. While the main goal of urban designers is to promote the quality of urban environment, but it seems at least till the end of 20th century that the main concentration has been paid on visual aspects and less attention to the audio aspects in urban atmospheres. The soundscape approach to environmental sound is a new paradigm focusing on making the urban sound climate an integral part of urban design, city planning, and architecture. The founder of the word “Soundscape”, R. Murray Schafer, coined the term soundscape and emphasized the importance of identifying pleasant sounds and using them to create healthier environments. He described how to classify sounds, appreciating their beauty or ugliness, and offered exercises (e.g. ‘soundwalks’) to help people become more sensitive to sounds. The dynamic sound perspectives in the urban environment, such as sonic diversity and acoustic ecology, are still very much neglected aspects in planning and architectural design. We are all in general largely unaware of the importance of sounds for how we perceive the quality of a place and a good living environment. Whenever urban sound is on the agenda, the topic is primarily noise abatement and legislation to reduce noise. While the designers create the places with new activities through space designing they can play roll in optimizing the soundscape. Noise Pollution is one of the current problems in cities including Tehran, which has harmful effects on people’s physical and mental health in the society. Some countries have adopted legal measures to control and eliminate the noise pollution. Since, there is no conducted research relating to the legal status of noise pollution in Iran, a comparative analysis of the laws and regulations of Iran and a few selected countries can be helpful for finding the shortcomings of the pollution control in Iran and Tehran. Valiasr Street is a tree-lined Street in Tehran, Iran, dividing the metropolis into western and eastern parts. It is considered one of Tehran’s main thoroughfares and commercial centers. Given the history and reputation of Valiasr Avenue in Tehran, sound of water and birds in the Street was a sense of identity of it, but by passing time and vehicle increasing, soundscape of Valiasr Street totally changed and sound of vehicles and other artificial sounds dominance the soundscape and now it does not have a demanded soundscape at all. But in terms of audio quality and experience this Street by listening, some concepts could try to revive the past. In this survey besides analyzing the scientist’s theories and designers about the place of soundscape in quality of urban spaces and human perception, defines the importance, place and necessity of attention to the soundscape in urban design, we study the soundscape of Valiasr Street with sound walk, noise map and questionnaire methods and consequently we expanded the principles that help the design improvement. We will elaborate a bit further on the qualitative aspects of sounds and how innovative design may contribute to acoustic environments that people perceive as enjoyable and less stressful. But the challenge of how we may create an enjoyable acoustic milieu needs to be approached in much more creative ways. In terms of audio quality and experience the city by listening, some concepts could try to revive the past.

Street trees are one of the most important components of urban green spaces. Any defects in Street trees may cause injuries to human, vehicles and buildings. In this research, the assessment of hazardous oriental plane (Platanus orientalis L.) trees was carried out on both sides of Valiasr Street (between Tajrish square to Tous Street cross section). Eight types of tree defects were detected: dead woods, cracks or seams, weak branch unions, decay, wound or cankers, root problems, poor tree structure and contact with power transmission lines. Totally, 457 trees were sampled. The results showed that the dead woods and poor tree structure are the main tree defects (with values of 80 and 69 percent of all sample trees, respectively), while weak branch unions and decay have less importance. Regarding to combination of tree defects, 19 trees were classified as very dangerous and must be removed. Furthermore, trees in medium and high risk classes were classified based on their potential to move toward more dangerous classes. Totally, improvement practices such as pruning of dead branches of trees with medium and high risk and cutting of very dangerous trees are recommended.

Cafes and coffee shops as representatives of social exchanges in city places are relatively new in the showcase of cities and towns, which are suitable places for relaxing and talking with different people, especially for the youth. According to Oldenburg, some of these spaces are known as “ third places” . Oldenburg identifies third place as the public and interesting space for people, which gives meaning to the informal public lives of citizens. They provide urban spaces that are the context of these places with survival and dynamism. According to the characteristics of third places and the needs of the youth, who are a huge segment of population, the third place is a good place to meet some of the needs of youth and to allow them to communicate with their urban space. Of course, as Zukin and Oldenburg believes, third places as public space institutions play some major roles in constructing public culture and urban everyday life. According to Lefebvre’ s theory of urban space production, everyday life is embodied and repressed by power, and also is linked to underground side of social life, such as art which may come eventually to be defined less as a code of space. This applied research is based on qualitative approach and has evaluated these third places by content analysis method. This research is trying to examine third places in two main unique Streets, Enghelab Street and Valiasr Street– between Vanak square and Melat Park. Its purpose, at first, is to examine of the features of the third places in cafes and café shops, which are interesting for young people as the users according to third place codes which are extracted from theories especially Oldenburg’ s views. Then, it aims to clarify their roles on producing urban space based on the functional differences of cafes and coffee shops in everyday life of two main Streets, Enghelab as a cultural Street and Valiasr as a recreational-commercial Street. And to know what is impacts for youth as a target social group in third places. The findings of the research show that cafes as third places are more attractive for young people in these two main Streets. It also indicates that although these places have similar basic functions, they are different in form, which causes different function and meaning based on the context of exposure and influence of the characteristics of social groups, and accordingly, this makes the cafes and coffee shops different third places. The locations of these places are affected by other interesting land uses and unique features of each Street that are found in third place. So third places in Enghelab Street have cultural aspects like book café , while third places in Valiasr Street have recreational-commercial aspect. The youth who come to these places are often the users of the first group in Valiasr Street, while the users of the second group come to Enghelab Street, and they have their own cultures and habits, which belong to different types of social groups.

Historic Urban Landscape (HUL), a notion which was introduced in 2011 by UNESCO, has a broad perspective larger than 'historic centers' or 'complexes' and consider the vast environment of a city in its geographic setting. This notion combines multiple interrelated layers of historical and cultural values, social experiences, economic processes and intangible, emotional and perceptional measures. This research tried to provide a typology of the multilayered values of one of the most important cultural and historic axis of Tehran, the Valiasr Street based on the available state of the art, specifically people's opinion. The aim of the research was to prioritize the conservation plans with HUL approach and focus on the zones with the unbalanced situation of values. For this purpose, different values of the Street were assessed by using PPGIS based on the people's opinions. Valiasr Street with more than 12 decades of history represents different pieces of evidence of HUL such as gradual evolution, interaction with the geographical setting (like the topography), and natural or built green landscapes. The Street has a length of 17. 2 km and hosts varied urban functions such as commercial, green spaces and recreational, residential, administrative and educational activities. The research started with the study of the notion of Historic Urban Landscape and its values based on different national or worldwide theories and documents of WHC, ICOMOS, etc. It continued with identifying different layers of HUL values of the Street such as a memorial and historical, landscape and aesthetic, natural and ecological, cultural and recreation, and economical and usage. These values were elaborated by field surveys and interviews with people in the Street. Later, the Street was divided into 12 zones and a questionnaire was designed to asses the values by acquiring people's opinion (300 people on the Street) in each zone. The weight of each value and the spatial distribution of the results was conducted using Public Participation GIS, specifically Average Nearest Neighbor analytic tool. The results of the research were reflected as point density on the site plan of the Street. The map showed that areas with the natural landscape, mixed-functions or spectacular monuments have the highest density of values, even if they are not historically important. Specifically, this Street is recognized by rows of plane trees on both sides, view of Alborz mountains in the north, or famous parks with a mixed border with sidewalks. People considered zones with these features as the most valuable ones. However, the southern part which is adjacent to the historic core of Tehran showed the lowest assessment. Superimposing the results of the assessment on the functional or physical attributes of the Street can demonstrate the contradictions between the low assessment of the values by people and the rich historical and cultural contexts such as the south part of the Street. It helps management plans to prioritize the conservation activities and focus on critical zones to be able to flourish all the multilayered values of heritage places specifically with a focus on natural or aesthetic values.

The significance of urban Streets lies in their role as the fundamental structure and framework of a city. Streets acquire extraordinary power as they endure the passage of time, accumulating special meanings and memories. This inherent strength is so influential that proper organization and utilization of existing Streets can render the construction of new ones unnecessary. Valiasr, spanning 18 kilometers, stands as the longest Street in Tehran and the Middle East. Beginning at the railway square in the south of Tehran at an altitude of 1100 meters above sea level, it extends to Tajrish square in the north, reaching an altitude of 1600 meters above sea level. The Street boasts wide sidewalks, a sizable pond, and a line of ancient plane trees, enhancing its aesthetic appeal. Originating during the Qajar era (1785-1925), various segments of Valiasr were constructed to link the capital with city gates. In the early Pahlavi period (1925-1979), it was further developed to connect summer palaces to the city. The Street's design, implemented without strict adherence to existing buildings, aimed to establish a direct connection between the north and south of Tehran. During this era, significant government and public structures, royal residences, and palaces were constructed along both sides of Valiasr in adherence to established construction regulations from 1928. This period also witnessed the construction of cultural buildings, public parks, gardens, universities, and medical centers. Following the Islamic Revolution of Iran (1979), Valiasr Street evolved into one of Tehran's traditional shopping centers and promenades, reflecting the city's dynamic cultural shifts. Each historical period of Iran has profoundly impacted Valiasr Street, shaping it into a symbol of Tehran's historical and cultural evolution. To delve into the changing trends and meanings associated with Valiasr Street from 1925 to the present, a comprehensive approach was adopted. A total of 100 Street users, encompassing residents, pedestrians, traders, and various stakeholders, were interviewed on-site within the study area. Subsequent to these interviews, a meticulous analysis of the gathered data was conducted, facilitating the synthesis and preparation of a comprehensive diagram. The findings reveal that a multitude of factors, including functional, economic, social, political, and cultural elements, have contributed to the evolving mental imagery associated with Valiasr Street across distinct epochs. In its early existence until 1925, the perceptual influence of the observer led to Valiasr Street being conceived as a narrow garden alley nestled among the Qajar city gardens. Transitioning into the period between 1925 and 1979, the passage of time transformed its role into a communication route connecting newly constructed palaces. Moreover, the increasing influence of temporal dynamics, coupled with cultural and social components, elevated Valiasr Street into the consciousness of the populace, turning it into a cherished urban space among the residents of Tehran. The period from 1979 until the present marks a notable phase in the urban life of Valiasr Street. Following a period of stagnation, the Street has undergone a revitalization, and the impact of all four meaning-forming components, with a particular emphasis on the temporal aspect, has led to its designation as a cultural heritage site of the city of Tehran in 2011. This recognition culminated in its inclusion in the list of national heritage sites.

The current study evaluates the impact of the building form and Street relationship on the human behavioral patterns in urban physical spaces. The relationship between the building form and the Street is a significant factor in the connectivity of spaces and their quality. Understanding the relationship between the spaces and determining the valuation criteria of their quality by the citizens plays a significant role in their behavioral patterns. The research hypothesis claims that the perception and criteria of the relationship between the building form and Street are different, and their effects on the human behavioral patterns might be different regarding the place and the space users. The current study examined two sequences of Valiasr Street in Tehran. The first sequence is from Valiasr Square to Valiasr Intersection, and the second sequence is from Rahahan square to Moulavi Intersection. The research method is an analytical descriptive. Also, using the survey method, the current study was conducted in the fuzzy logic framework. The research results indicate a variation in the relationship between the building form and Street and human behavioral patterns. However, the criteria of the relationship between the building form and Street in the urban physical spaces are different based on the extent and type of the citizens’ behavior. Also, the impact of the relationship between the urban form and Street in the behavioral patterns of the human is different based on the cultural differences among the citizens and the characteristics of the urban space of different sequences of the Valiasr Street of Tehran. The results also showed a significant relationship between the main form of the front space of the buildings and the sense of space ownership. Also, the form of the entrances strengthens the sense of belonging. However, the citizens with temporary activity and residence or those who only observe the space and pass it are not interested in the related behaviors.

Art from past till now is one of the inseparable parts of human life, and why it is utmost importance. Art in every society is one of the study topics by anthropologists and sociologists. Wall painting as one of the oldest and perhaps the first type of art is very important. there are examples in all civilizations, and wall paintings from lower Paleolithic found in caves like Laskv and Ltamyra. In every society and every time based on cultural and temporal demands wall paintings were different. This paper studies the culture of Tehran’s Valiasr’s Street wall paintings. Method of this research is in-depth research, and used Functionalist theories for data analysis. first research presents theoretical Studies and informations about Iran’s contemporary wall painting, and then studies what obtained in place of research based on interviews with Valiasr Street passers. With verifying the answers of population, and categorizing wall paintings on function base, we understand significant results about population viewpoint about wall painting as a art and Iran’s contemporary wall painting. the results show that wall painting audiences may not have the artistic expertise but they care about quality executive and artistic work with good subject that is offered in their citt; and wherever these points were not good enough, the art work was criticized.

The Street children phenomenon is categorized as a social disorder that not only includes a great number of children and youngsters as society future capital with danger but also makes the society suffer of harms. Therefore, in order to decrease this disorder we should understand its different dimensions and the factors influencing on it to find various scientific and practical solutions for it .Doing a research on these children seems a bit difficult due mainly to their living conditions, setting up relationship and confidence with them and their families, mobility from one point to another from time to time, and other obstacles.In this research, during a 5-year-period, the Street children and their families were investigated in 5 areas of Tehran using a questionnaire and interview and then their problems regarding to physical, emotional, mental and so on came in to attention.The result, point to a growing number of Street children and their problems consequently and taking immediate steps and actions seem vital followed with a good planning.